Vanadium (V): electron configuration, atomic mass and facts
Vanadium (V) is element 23 of the periodic table, a transition metal in period 4, group 5. Its electron configuration is [Ar] 3d3 4s2, with electrons arranged in shells 2, 8, 11, 2, and its standard atomic weight is 50.942 u.
▶ Watch Vanadium’s electrons orbit in the interactive periodic tableVanadium at a glance
| Symbol | V |
|---|---|
| Atomic number | 23 |
| Atomic mass | 50.942 u |
| Category | Transition metal |
| Group | 5 |
| Period | 4 |
| Block | d-block |
| Electron configuration | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2 |
| Noble-gas shorthand | [Ar] 3d3 4s2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 11, 2 |
| Electronegativity (Pauling) | 1.63 |
| State at 20 °C | solid |
Where is Vanadium on the periodic table?
Vanadium is in period 4, group 5, in the d-block. The period number matches its 4 electron shells, and the block names the subshell its last electrons fill. In the same group, Niobium sits directly below it. Elements in the same column of the d-block often have similar chemistry.
How to work out the electron configuration of Vanadium
Put 23 electrons into subshells in order of rising energy, filling each before starting the next: 1s² (2), 2s² (4), 2p⁶ (10), 3s² (12), 3p⁶ (18), 4s² (20), 3d³ (23). In shorthand, [Ar] stands for the 18 electrons of argon, giving [Ar] 3d³ 4s².
How electronegative is Vanadium?
Vanadium has a Pauling electronegativity of 1.63, ranking 48 of the 100 elements with a known value (fluorine is highest at 3.98). That is in the middle of the range.
Frequently asked questions
What is the electron configuration of Vanadium?
The electron configuration of Vanadium (V) is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d3 4s2. In noble-gas shorthand it is written [Ar] 3d3 4s2.
How many electrons does Vanadium have in each shell?
Vanadium has 23 electrons arranged in shells as 2, 8, 11, 2.
What is the atomic mass of Vanadium?
The standard atomic weight of Vanadium is 50.942 u, so one mole of Vanadium atoms has a mass of about 50.942 g.
Is Vanadium a metal?
Yes. Vanadium is a transition metal.
Explore nearby elements
More transition metals: Scandium, Titanium, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt. See all elements on the periodic table.